Antoine Boutros - The No’s of Knowledge

1- An examination of the factors involved in driving the economic activity reveals that the number of the institutions and sectors specializing in knowledge production is scarce.

2- Knowledge production may be considered one of the functions of merely research and development, i.e. the activity dedicated precisely to invention and renewal. However, an analytical study of research and development reveals that such research assigns a very small share of its activities to generate knowledge.

3- The different kinds of knowledge produced at a certain place cannot be attributed to the activities devoted specifically to research.

4- Promoting learning occupies a vital position in knowledge economies but remains difficult to track down.

5- The rise of the era of knowledge economies is manifested by the spread of knowledge-based activities in an extensive manner across all economic sectors rather than the continuous expansion of only one sector restricted to knowledge technologies. This criterion makes the measurement of knowledge economies a very complicated matter.

6- The adoption of traditional criteria- such as research and development within the companies or information sectors of a certain national economy- might not include all the activities that lead to knowledge creation.

7- The knowledge factors are not homogeneous.

8- Knowledge cannot be monitored to a large extent. As a matter of fact, monitoring knowledge seems simply impossible.

9- Knowledge manifests itself only when it is pronounced, recorded and copyrighted.

10- Since implied knowledge is re-recorded on a regular basis, chances are there exists a hugely vast world that remains always unapparent.

11- The knowledge factor has no specific fixed ratio when it comes to its impact on the growth of the economic output, unlike the traditional capital goods.

12- A new idea might usher massive alterations or might have zero influence depending on the existing social structure.

13- Knowledge seems to be available to everyone.

14- In many sectors, the unknown about knowledge economies exceeds by far the known.

15- A great amount of knowledge results from inventions in the sense that the acquired knowledge is a human product that had no prior existence in nature, while other forms of knowledge are derived from discoveries, i.e. they have always existed but were never revealed.

16- The distinction between invention and discovery yields numerous effects on knowledge economies.

17- Intellectual property is a right reserved to inventions, not discoveries.

18- Knowledge is often a common output originated within the context of different activities.

19- There is a part of knowledge that cannot be limited to only one category of beneficiaries and this part stays usually outside.  

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